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The Algarve is the southernmost region of mainland Portugal. It includes a statistical sub-region of the same name and corresponds, in its entirety, to the ancient province of the same name and the district of Faro. The capital is Faro. The surface is 4,960 km2, in addition to Faro, the main cities are: Albufeira, Lagoa, Lagos, Loulé, Olhão, Portimão, Quarteira (in the municipality of Loulé), Silves, Tavira and Vila Real de Santo António. The Algarve borders the Alentejo region to the north, Spain (Andalusia) to the east (the border corresponds to the Guadiana River), the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. In the 15th century, during the Portuguese expansion, the Algarve was a world-renowned scientific and technological center for navigation, geography and cartography. The region has beautiful beaches and natural landscapes and is the main Portuguese tourist region. The highest elevation is the Monchique Mountain. One of the largest European tourist complexes is located in the Algarve: it is Vilamoura with the splendid beach of Praia da Falésia. But no less well known are the resorts of Albufeira, Portimão and Lagoa with the famous Marinha Beach. It was the last part of Portugal to be definitively taken away from the Moors, during the reign of Don Alfonso III. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries a navigation and cartography school was in operation in Sagres, in the extreme south-west, near Cape of San Vincenzo, founded by the infant Henry the Navigator (son of King John I), fundamental during the era of Portuguese discoveries.
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